As a synthetic chemist, biologist or engineer, it’s your job to study the impact
of chemical compounds. To achieve this goal, you need to stay at the leading
edge of your field of research. Consequently, you often find yourself with less
time for tasks that are not necessarily your core competences but nevertheless
important for your workflows. Isolation and purification of chemical compounds
are typical of these tasks.
In situations where the compound of interest is not available in pure form, you
are challenged to purify it yourself. Possible scenarios include synthesis of the
compound in multiple stages, using purification as an interim step, or isolation
of the compound from a natural source when synthesis is too complex and
tedious. Other scenarios that require you to turn to purification techniques
include, for example, when flash chromatography did not yield the desired purity,
or when crystallization did not work the way you expected.
Isolation of pure compounds was, in fact, the original purpose of liquid
chromatography and as such drove the development of separation science
during the last century – with close linkages to the discovery of natural sources
and new synthetic pathways. The increasing need for high-value compounds
deployed as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals or nutraceuticals, has in turn
justified the extra effort required for optimization of purification processes.
Today, preparative chromatography is no longer based on guesswork but is
founded solidly on a set of well-documented rules to be followed for optimum
results. Scouting for appropriate starting conditions, optimizing for speed, yield,
and purity are fundamental considerations. The desired sample throughput
determines priorities: high yields for a few different samples justify optimization
of yield, whereas dealing with large numbers of different samples at the
milligram scale demands proper automation.
Now, it is all about getting started with preparative liquid chromatography
without having to spend time delving deeply into the literature. Although a
primer will never replace textbooks on preparative liquid chromatography
to gain a full understanding of the theoretical background, this publication
nevertheless bridges the gap between textbook literature and a typical
system’s user documentation that provides specific guidance on how
to achieve optimum results.
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