GC and GC/MS Frequently Asked Questions

A History of GC and GC/MS Chromatography was invented by the Russian botanist, Mikhail Tswett, in 1903 to separate pigments in plants. It comes from the Greek words chroma, meaning color, and graphein, meaning to write. Therefore, chromatography literally means “to write color.” The study of mass spectrometry started with the investigation of gas discharge during the 19th century. Through this research, anode (negative ions) and cathode (positive ions) rays were discovered. During the mid-19th century, Julius Plücker studied light emitted from discharge tubes and noted how applied magnetic fields influenced the glow of the emitted light. In 1869, Johann Wilhelm Hittorf observed that rays emitted from a negative electrode caused fluorescence when interrupted by a solid object while in a gas discharge tube. Later, when JJ Thomson passed a stream of ionized neon through a magnetic and electric field in a discharge tube, he noticed a deflection, creating two separate patches. He collected these patches using photographic plates, and discovered that the difference between them was caused by varying masses— resulting in a different trajectory when a magnetic and electric field is applied. Building on the theory that applying magnetic and electric fields in a vacuum could separate masses, the first mass spectrometer (MS) was built in 1919 and was used to separate and identify naturally occurring isotopes. However, it wasn’t until 1932 that Kenneth Bainbridge was able to develop an MS with more accurate resolving power and precision. In this eBook, you’ll find answers to the questions that Agilent technical experts hear most often from our GC and GC/MS customers. To instantly access the information you need, click the following links or use the navigation tabs at the bottom of each page.

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